URL parse

URL parsing is a process that breaks down a URL into its constituent parts:

• protocol (http, https, ftp, etc.),
• hostname,
• port number,
• username,
• password,
• path,
• query string,
• fragment (or hash).

This is useful in many programming tasks, such as web scraping, API development, and network programming, where understanding and manipulating URLs is necessary. Most programming languages provide built-in functions or libraries to parse URLs, making it easier to extract the needed information.